What Cell Division Is Responsible For Growth And Repair
All living organisms are capable of growing and producing offspring. All eukaryotic organisms—including aquatic plants and algae—grow through the process of mitosis. Mitosis is a process where one cell divides into two cells (Fig. 2.46). Chromosomes in the original cell are duplicated to ensure that the two new cells have full copies of the necessary genetic data.
The procedure of mitosis generates new cells that are genetically identical to each other. Mitosis helps organisms abound in size and repair damaged tissue. Some species of algae are capable of growing very quickly. The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera can grow every bit much equally thirty centimeters (cm) in length in a single mean solar day.
Some organisms tin can employ mitosis to reproduce asexually. The offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each other and to their parent. Most single-celled, microorganisms reproduce asexually by duplicating their genetic material and dividing in half. For instance, phytoplankton reproduce primarily through asexual reproduction. Some unmarried-celled eukaryotes, including some plants and animals, reproduce asexually in a processes called fragmentation or budding.
Sexual reproduction is the product of offspring through the combination of sexual practice cells or gametes. Meiosis is the procedure of producing gametes, each of which has half of the genetic material needed to create a new organism (Fig. 2.47).
- Chromosomes are duplicated. Meiosis begins in a fashion similar to mitosis with chromosome replication.
- Matched sets of chromosomes pair together.
- Genes are swapped between matched chromosomes. The process of crossing over, or recombination, exchanges genetic information between chromosomes in a prison cell. The resulting chromosomes are brand new, unique combinations of genetic information.
- Showtime sectionalization separates one of each chromosome pair. The parent cell divides in half as in mitosis, producing two cells with a complete corporeality of DNA (although they are not identical considering of crossing over).
- Second division separates each chromosome, leaving i copy of each chromosome per cell. The two new cells divide a second time to produce four new gametes. These gametes contain half of the genetic information needed to grade a new individual.
- Each parent provides one gamete to the process of fertilization, which results in a cell called a zygote with a full compliment of chromosomes.
- Offspring produced through sexual reproduction are genetically distinct from both parents, since each of their gametes has a unique combination of chromosomes.
In summary, mitosis produces two identical cells, each with the full amount of Dna. Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the amount of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Encounter Table 2.10 for a comparison of mitosis and meiosis.
| Mitosis | Meiosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of new cells | 2 identical cells | 4 unique cells |
| DNA in new cells | Each new cell has the same corporeality of DNA equally the original cell | Each cell has one-half the corporeality of Dna as the original cell |
| Genetic organization in new cell | Identical copy of the DNA in the original jail cell | Unique new combination of Dna (through crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes) |
| Part in living organisms | Produces new cells for growth, tissue repair, and asextual reproduction | Produces genetically diverse gametes for sextual reproduction |
Many species of algae accept circuitous life histories and can reproduce through both sexual and asexual means. Information technology is common for algae to accept an alternation of generation, where one generation is made through mitotic cell sectionalization and the other is fabricated from cells created through meiotic cell segmentation.
What Cell Division Is Responsible For Growth And Repair,
Source: https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/biological/aquatic-plants-and-algae/growth-development-and-reproduction
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